“A main cause of philosophical disease – an unbalanced diet: one nourishes oneself with only one kind of example.” (Wittgenstein, PI 593)
Here is a collection of historical and fictional individuals whose circumstances, lives or depictions raise vexed issues about integrity. As difficult cases, they focus discussion from different directions on different aspects of the integrity question. Some have already generated discussion in existing literature.
More detailed discussion can be found on our Portraits of Integrity pages.
Click on the icons below to find out more or contact us if you have an example we should add.
- William Gladstone
- Sir Edward Grey
- George Orwell
- Socrates
- George Edward Moore
- Nelson Mandela
- Simone de Beauvoir
- Captain Vere
- Elizabeth Costello
- Mohandas Gandhi
- Oscar Schindler
- Edward Snowden
- Henry James
- Martin Luther King Jr.
- Virginia Woolf
- Elizabeth Anscombe
- Hannah Arendt
- John Brown
- Ludwig Wittgenstein
- Michael Kohlhaas
- Simone Weil
- Mr. Adolf Verlog
- Howard W. Campbell Jr
- Tony Benn
- Robespierre, the ‘Incorruptible’
- Michael Kohlhaas
- Heinrich Himmler
- Confucius
- Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy
- Rosa Parks






























