“A main cause of philosophical disease – an unbalanced diet: one nourishes oneself with only one kind of example.” (Wittgenstein, PI 593)
Here is a collection of historical and fictional individuals whose circumstances, lives or depictions raise vexed issues about integrity. As difficult cases, they focus discussion from different directions on different aspects of the integrity question. Some have already generated discussion in existing literature.
More detailed discussion can be found on our Portraits of Integrity pages.
Click on the icons below to find out more or contact us if you have an example we should add.
- Heinrich Himmler
- Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy
- Captain Vere
- George Edward Moore
- Robespierre, the ‘Incorruptible’
- Henry James
- Sir Edward Grey
- Michael Kohlhaas
- Martin Luther King Jr.
- Nelson Mandela
- Tony Benn
- Oscar Schindler
- Virginia Woolf
- Mr. Adolf Verlog
- Edward Snowden
- Simone Weil
- John Brown
- Socrates
- Simone de Beauvoir
- Howard W. Campbell Jr
- George Orwell
- Hannah Arendt
- Rosa Parks
- Ludwig Wittgenstein
- Mohandas Gandhi
- Elizabeth Anscombe
- Michael Kohlhaas
- Confucius
- Elizabeth Costello
- William Gladstone






























